Prof. Dr. Frank Ludwig

• SFB 578 „Vom Gen zum Produkt“ (2004-2012)

• BMBF-Verbundprojekt QuaNTAMed (2007-2010)
• BMWI-Verbundprojekt InnoSurf (2007-2010)
• EU FP7 Projekt NAMDIATREAM (2010-2014)
• EU FP7 Projekt NANOMAG (2013-2017)
• ZIM-Projekt „Neue nanopartikuläre Kontrastmittel für Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI)“ (2013-2015)
• DFG SPP1681 „Dynamische magnetische Untersuchungen der Partikel-Matrix-Wechselwirkung magnetischer Hybridmaterialien“ (2013-2019)
• DFG-Projekt „mobility MPI (mMPI)“ (2014-2017)

• DFG-Projekt: Dynamische Eigenschaften anisotroper magnetischer Fluide (2020-2023)

•  

2023

Decoupling the Characteristics of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Mohammad Suman Chowdhury, Enja Laureen Rösch, Daniel Arenas Esteban, Klaas-Julian Janssen, Florian Wolgast, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling, Sara Bals, Thilo Viereck, and Aidin Lak
Nano Letters 2023 23 (1), 58-65
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03568

Role of ionic surfactant in magnetic dynamics of self-assembled dispersions of nanoplatelets
Hajnalka Nádasi, Melvin Küster, Alenka Mertelj, Nerea Sebastián, Patricija Hribar Boštjančič, Darja Lisjak, Thilo Viereck, Margaret Rosenberg, Alexey O. Ivanov, Sofia S. Kantorovich, Alexey Eremin, Frank Ludwig
J. Mol. Liqu. 382, 121900 - 2023
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121900

2022

Magnetic dynamics in suspensions of ferrimagnetic platelets
Melvin Küster, Frank Ludwig, Alexey Eremin, Patricija Hribar Boštjančič, Darja Lisjak, Nerea Sebastián, Alenka Mertelj, Hajnalka Nádasi
Journal of Molecular Liquids, Volume 360, 2022, 119484
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119484.

Single harmonic-based narrowband magnetic particle imaging
Klaas-Julian Janssen, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, and Jing Zhong
Measurement Science and Technology, Volume 33, Number 9
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac78c6

Quantitative temperature visualization with single harmonic-based magnetic particle imaging
Klaas-Julian Janssen, Jing Zhong, Thilo Viereck, Meinhard Schilling, and Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 563, 169915 - 2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169915

Tuning excitation field frequency for magnetic particle sensing using SPaQ
Melissa M. Horstman – van de Loosdrecht, Tamara Kahmann, Frank Ludwig, and Lejla Alic
J. Biomed. Nanotechn. 18, 1994-2000 - 2022
https://doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2022.3406

2021

Dependence of biomolecule detection on magnetic nanoparticle concentration
Jing Zhong, Klaas-Julian Janssen, Sebastian Draack, Thilo Viereck, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 517, 167408 - 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167408

Determination of the effective anisotropy constant of magnetic nanoparticles –comparison between two approaches
Tamara Kahmann, Enja Laureen Rösch, Keiji Enpuku, Takashi Yoshida, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 519, 167402 - 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167402

Dynamic gelation process observed in Cartesian magnetic particle imaging
Sebastian Draack, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling, Thilo Viereck
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 522, 167478, - 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167478

Evaluation of effective magnetic anisotropy constant of magnetic nanoparticles from coercive field of AC magnetization curve
Keiji Enpuku, Sebastian Draack, Frank Ludwig, Takashi Yoshida
Journal of Applied Physics 14 November 2021; 130 (18): 183901 - 2021
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0070321

Point-of-need detection of pathogen-specific nucleic acid targets using magnetic particle spectroscopy
Enja Laureen Rösch, Jing Zhong, Aidin Lak, Zhe Liu, Markus Etzkorn, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, Thilo Viereck, Birka Lalkens
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 192 - 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113536

Toward Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS-CoV-2 with Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles
Jing Zhong, Enja Laureen Rösch, Thilo Viereck, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
ACS Sensors 2021 6 (3), 976-984 -2021
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssensors.0c02160

Single Harmonic-based Narrowband Magnetic Particle Imaging
Klaas-Julian Janssen, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, Jing Zhong
Measurement Science and Technology, Volume 33, Number 9 - 2021
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac78c6

2020

Estimation of the effective magnetic anisotropy constant of multi-core based magnetic nanoparticles from the temperature dependence of the coercive field
Keiji Enpuku, Ahmed L. Elrefai, Takashi Yoshida, Tamara Kahmann, Jing Zhong, Thilo Viereck, Frank Ludwig in:
J. Appl. Phys. 127, 133903 - 2020
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5144713

Magnetic field dependence of the effective magnetic moment of multi-core nanoparticles featured
Tamara Kahmann, Frank Ludwig
Journal of Applied Physics 127, 233901- 2020
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0011629

Magnetic nanoparticle-based biomolecule imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer
Jing Zhong, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Nanotechnology, Volume 31, page 225101 (9pp) - 2020
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab776a

Rotational dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles in different matrix systems
Frank Ludwig, Hilke Remmer
Physical Sciences Reviews, vol. , no. , 2020, pp. 20190115 -2020
https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2019-0115

Scale-dependent particle diffusivity and apparent viscosity in polymer solutions as probed by dynamic magnetic Nanorheology
Melissa Hess, Micha Gratz, Hilke Remmer, Samira Webers, Joachim Landers, Dmitry Borin, Frank Ludwig, Heiko Wende, Stefan Odenbach, Andreas Tschöpe, Annette M. Schmidt
Soft Matter 16, 7562-7575-2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9SM00747D

Single Harmonic-based Narrowband Magnetic Particle Imaging
Klaas-Julian Janssen, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, Jing Zhong
arXiv:2102.10954v1 [physics.med-ph] -2021

Static magnetic response of multicore particles
Alexey O. Ivanov, Frank Ludwig
Phys. Rev. E 102, 032603 - 2020
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.102.032603

Tailoring the Surface Plasmon Resonance Energy of Au nanowires array by defect management and thermal treatment
Hongdan Yan, Bo Liu, Guanghua Fan, Alexander Glamazda, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling, Renxi Gao, Peter Lemmens
Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures 121, 114092 -2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2020.114092

Visualization of spatial and temporal temperature distributions with magnetic particle imaging for liver tumor ablation therapy
Johannes Salamon, Jan Diekhoff, Michael Gerhard Kaul, Caroline Jung, Gerhard Adam, Martin Möddel, Tobias Knopp, Sebastian Draack, Frank Ludwig, Harald Ittrich
Scientific Reports, volume 10, Article number: 7480 (11pp)- 2020
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64280-1

2019

A novel characterization technique for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: The superparamagnetic quantifier, compared with magnetic particle spectroscopy
Melissa M. van de Loosdrecht, Sebastian Draack, Sebastiaan Waanders, Jeroen Gerardus Leonard Schlief, Hendrikus Johannes Gradus Krooshoop, Thilo Viereck, Frank Ludwig, Bennie ten Haken
Rev. Sci. Instrum., Volume 90, page 024101 (1-9) - 2019
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039150

Biophysical Characterization of (Silica-coated) Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia Treatment
Niklas Lucht, Ralf P. Friedrich, Sebastian Draack, Christoph Alexiou, Thilo Viereck, Frank Ludwig, Birgit Hankiewicz, Nanomaterials 2019, 9, 1713.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121713

Determination of dominating relaxation mechanisms from temperature-dependent Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy measurements
Sebastian Draack, Thilo Viereck, Felix Nording, Klaas-Julian Janssen, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Volume 474, Pages 570-573 - 2019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.11.023

Effect of core size distribution on magnetic nanoparticle harmonics for thermometry
Zhongzhou Du, Yi Sun, Oji Higashi, Yuki Noguchi, Keiji Enpuku, Sebastian Draack, Klaas-Julian Janssen, Tamara Kahmann, Jing Zhong, Thilo Viereck, Frank Ludwig, Takashi Yoshida
Japanese Journal of Applied PhysicsVolume 59, Number 1, 010904
https://doi.org/10.7567/1347-4065/ab5c9b

Magnetic field orientation dependent dynamic susceptibility and Brownian relaxation time of magnetic nanoparticles
Jing Zhong, Niklas Lucht, Birgit Hankiewicz, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, page 133102 (1-5) - 2019
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120609

Multi-spectral Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for the investigation of particle mixtures
Thilo Viereck, Sebastian Draack, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 475, page 647--651 - 2019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.11.021

Multiparametric Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy of CoFe₂O₄ Nanoparticles in Viscous Media
Sebastian Draack, Niklas Lucht, Hilke Remmer, Michael Martens, Birgit Fischer, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, Thilo Viereck
J. Phys. Chem. C, 123 (11), pages 6787–6801 - 2019
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10763

2018

Cellular effects of paclitaxel-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles on breast cancer using different 2D and 3D cell culture models
Stephan Lugert, Harald Unterweger, Marina Mühlberger, Christina Janko, Sebastian Draack, Frank Ludwig, Dietmar Eberbeck, Christoph Alexiou, Ralf P. Friedrich
Internat. Journal of Nanomedicine, Volume 14, page 161--180 - 2018
https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S187886

Excitation frequency dependence of temperature resolution in magnetic nanoparticle temperature imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer
Jing Zhong, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 471, page 340--345 - 2018
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.09.112

Field-dependent dynamic responses from dilute magnetic nanoparticle dispersions
Jeppe Fock, Christoph Balceris, Rocio Costo, Lunjie Zeng, Frank Ludwig, Mikkel F. Hansen Nanoscale, Volume 10, page 2052--2066 - 2018
https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr07602a

Magnetic nanoparticle temperature imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer
Jing Zhong, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Measurement Science and Technology, Volume 29, page 115903 (9pp) - 2018
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aae3bd

Magnetic Relaxation of Agglomerated and Immobilized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia and Imaging Applications
Ulrich Michael Engelmann, Eva Miriam Buhl, Sebastian Draack, Thilo Viereck, Frank Ludwig, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, Ioana Slabu
IEEE Magnetics Letters, Volume 9, page 1507305 (5pp) - 2018
https://doi.org/10.1109/LMAG.2018.2879034

Modeling the Impedance of Water-Cooled Core-Less Multi-Layered Solenoid Coils for MPI Drive Field Generation
Christian Kuhlmann, Sebastian Draack, Thilo Viereck, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Internat. Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Volume 4, Number 1, page 1--9 - 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.18416/ijmpi.2018.1804001

Relating Magnetic Properties and High Hyperthermia Performance of Iron Oxide Nanoflowers
Philipp Bender, Jeppe Fock, Cathrine Frandsen, Mikkel F. Hansen, Christoph Balceris, Frank Ludwig, Oliver Posth, Erik Wetterskog, Lara K. Bogart, Paul Southern, Wojciech Szczerba, Lunjie Zeng, Kerstin Witte, Cordula Grüttner, Fritz Westphal, Dirk Honecker, David Gonzáles-Alonso, Luis Fernandez Barquin, Christer Johansson
J. Phys. Chem. C, Volume 122, Number 5, page 3068–3077 - 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b11255

Spatial and temperature resolutions of magnetic nanoparticle temperature imaging with a scanning magnetic particle spectrometer
Jing Zhong, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Nanomaterials, Volume 8, page 866 (1-13) - 2018
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8110866

2017

Analysis of AC Susceptibility Spectra for the Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
Frank Ludwig, Christoph Balceris, Christian Jonasson, Christer Johansson
IEEE Trans. Magn., Volume 53, Number 11 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2017.2693420

Colloidal Flower-Shaped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis Strategies and Coatings
Helena Gavilan, Anja Kowalski, David Heinke, Abhilash Sugunan, Jens Sommertune, Miriam Varón, Lara K. Bogart, Oliver Posth, Lunjie Zeng, David Gonzáles-Alonso, Christoph Balceris, Jeppe Fock, Erik Wetterskog, Cathrine Frandsen, Nicole Gehrke, Cordula Grüttner, Andrea Fornara, Frank Ludwig, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, Christer Johansson, Maria del Puerto Morales
Part. Part. Syst. Charact., Volume 34, page 1700094 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201700094

Distribution functions of magnetic nanoparticles determined by a numerical inversion method
Philipp Bender, Christoph Balceris, Frank Ludwig, Oliver Posth, Lara K. Bogart, Wojciech Szczerba, Alejandra Castro, Lars Nilsson, Rocio Costo, Helena Gavilan, David Gonzáles-Alonso, Imanol de Pedro, Luis Fernandez Barquin, Christer Johansson
New J. Phys., Volume 19, page 073012 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa73b4

Dual-frequency magnetic particle imaging of the Brownian particle contribution
Thilo Viereck, Christian Kuhlmann, Sebastian Draack, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 427, page 156--161 - 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.003

Dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles in viscoelastic media
Hilke Remmer, Eric Roeben, Annette M. Schmidt, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 427, page 331--335 - 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.075

Effect of alignment of easy axes on dynamic magnetization of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles
Takashi Yoshida, Yuki Matsugi, Naotaka Tsujimara, Teruyoshi Sasayama, Keiji Enpuku, Thilo Viereck, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 427, page 162--167 - 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.040

HTS Multimaterial Gradiometer Modules for YBa₂Cu₃O₇ SQUID Systems
Benedikt Hampel, Michael Martens, Marius Temming, Thomas Trame, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
IEEE Tran. Appl. Supercond., Volume 27, Number 4 - 2017
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=7862190

In vivo liver visualizations with magnetic particle imaging based on the calibration measurement approach
Jan Dieckhoff, Michael Kaul, Tobias Mummert, Caroline Jung, Johannes Salamon, Gerhard Adam, Tobias Knopp, Frank Ludwig, Christoph Balceris, Harald Ittrich
Phys. Med. Biol., Volume 62, page 3470--3482 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/aa562d

Magnetic Field Dependence of Ni Nanorod Brownian Relaxation
Hilke Remmer, Micha Gratz, Andreas Tschöpe, Frank Ludwig
IEEE Trans. Magn., Volume 53, Number 11 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2017.2701145

Magnetic nanoparticle thermometry independent of Brownian relaxation
Jing Zhong, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., Volume 51, Number 015001, 9 pages - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa993d

Measurement system for temperature dependent noise characterization of magnetoresistive sensors
Felix Nording, Sebastian Weber, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Rev. Sci. Instrum., Volume 88, Number 3 - 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4978324

Messaufbau zur Charakterisierung von magnetischen Sensormaterialien
Felix Nording, Niklas Boy, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Technisches Messen, Volume 84, Number 3, page 174--180 - 2017
DOI 10.1515/teme-2016-0064

Size analysis of single-core magnetic nanoparticles
Frank Ludwig, Christoph Balceris, Thilo Viereck, Oliver Posth, Uwe Steinhoff, Helena Gavilan, Rocio Costo, Maria del Puerto Morales Lunjie Zeng, Eva Olsson, Christian Jonasson, Christer Johansson
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 427, page 19--24 - 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.113

Offsetunterdrücktes AMR-Magnetometer mit 100 kHz Frequenzbandbreite
Felix Nording, Waldemar Bischel, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Technisches Messen, Volume 84 (S1), page 102--105 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1515/teme-2017-0041

Temperature-dependent MPS measurements
Sebastian Draack, Thilo Viereck, Christian Kuhlmann, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Internat. Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Volume 3, Number 1 - 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.18416/ijmpi.2017.1703018

The Anisotropy of the AC Susceptibility of Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles—the Influence of Intra-Potential- Well Contribution on the AC Susceptibility Spectrum
Frank Ludwig, Christoph Balceris, Christer Johansson IEEE Trans. Magn., Volume 53, Number 11 - 2017
https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2017.2692038

Unravelling viscosity effects to tailor the dynamical magnetic response of magnetic nanocubes
David Cabrera, Aidin Lak, Takashi Yoshida, Maria Elena Materia, Daniel Ortega, Frank Ludwig, Pablo Guardia, Ayyappan Sathya, Teresa Pellegrino, Francisco J. Teran
Nanoscale, Volume 9, page 5094--5101 - 2017
DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00810d

2016

A shielded fluxgate sensor for spatially resolved measurements of magnetic dipole fields
Dennis Rühmer, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Sensors & Actuators A: Physical, Volume 238, page 229--233 - 2016
doi:10.1016/j.sna.2015.12.020

Diffusion-Controlled Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
David Heinke, Nicole Gehrke, Daniel Schmidt, Uwe Steinhoff, Thilo Viereck, Hilke Remmer, Frank Ludwig, M. Posfai, Andreas Briel
Internat. Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Volume 2, page 1603001-1--4 - 2016
https://journal.iwmpi.org/index.php/iwmpi/article/view/25

Dynamics of CoFe₂O₄ Single-Core Nanoparticles in Viscoelastic Media
Hilke Remmer, Jan Dieckhoff, Andreas Tschöpe, Eric Roeben, Annette M. Schmidt, Frank Ludwig
Physics Procedia, Volume 75, page 1150--1157, 2016
doi:10.1016/j.phpro.2015.12.186

Homogeneous biosensing based on magnetic particle labels
Stefan Schrittwieser, Beatriz Pelaz, Wolfgang J. Parak, Sergio Lentijo-Mozo, Katerina Soulantica, Jan Dieckhoff, Frank Ludwig, Annegret Guenther, Andreas Tschöpe, Jörg Schotter
Sensors, Volume 2016, Number 16(6) - 2016
doi:10.3390/s16060828

Influence of static magnetic field strength on the temperature resolution of a magnetic nanoparticle thermometer
Jing Zhong, Jan Dieckhoff, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Appl. Phys. Volume 120, page 143902-1--8 - 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4964696

Magnetic-field dependence of Brownian and Néel relaxation times
Jan Dieckhoff, Dietmar Eberbeck, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Appl. Phys., Volume 119, page 043903-1--8 - 2016
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4940724

Magnetisierungsmessaufbau zur magnetischen Charakterisierung dünner Permalloyschichten
Felix Nording, Niklas Boy, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
XXX. Messtechnisches Symposium des AHMT e.V., Stefan Zimmermann (Hrsg.), page 159--166, 2016
DOI (Chapter): 10.1515/9783110494297-021

Magnetorelaxometry of few Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles at 77 K employing a self-compensated SQUID magnetometer
Alexander Guillaume, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Alexander Kassner, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., Volume 408, page 46--50 - 2016
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.01.071

Simultaneous Study of Brownian and Néel Relaxation Phenomena in Ferrofluids by Mössbauer Spectroscopy
Joachim Landers, S. Salamon, Hilke Remmer, Frank Ludwig, Heiko Wende
Nanoletters, Volume 16, page 1150--1155 - 2016
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/ipdf/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04409

2015

A phenomenological description of the MPS-signal using a model for the field dependence of the effective relaxation time
Daniel Schmidt, Florian Palmetshofer, David Heinke, Uwe Steinhoff, Frank Ludwig
IEEE Trans. Magn. 51, 6501404, 2015
doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2345192

Classification of magnetic nanoparticle systems - synthesis, standardization and analysis methods in the NanoMag project
Sara Bogren, Andrea Fornara, Frank Ludwig, Maria del Puerto Morales, Uwe Steinhoff, Mikkel F. Hansen, Olga Kazakova, Christer Johansson
Int. J. Mol. Sci., Volume 16, page 20308--20325 - 2015
doi:10.3390/ijms160920308

Debye-Based Frequency-Domain Magnetization Model for Magnetic Nanoparticles in Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy
Thilo Wawrzik, Takashi Yoshida, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
IEEE Trans Magn. 51, 5300404, 2015
doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2332371

Drive-field frequency dependent MPI performance of single-core magnetite nanoparticle tracers
Christian Kuhlmann, Amit P. Khandhar, Richard M. Ferguson, Scott J. Kemp, Thilo Wawrzik, Kannan M. Krishnan, Frank Ludwig
IEEE Trans. Magn. 51, 6500504, 2015
doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2329772

Effective particle magnetic moment of multi-core particles
Fredrik Ahrentorp, Andrea Astalan, Jakob Blomgren, Christian Jonasson, Erik Wetterskog, Peter Svedlindh, Aidin Lak, Frank Ludwig, Leo J. van Ijzendoorn, Fritz Westphal, Cordula Grüttner, Nicole Gehrke, Stefan Gustafsson, Eva Olsson and Christer Johansson
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 380, 221–226, 2015
doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.09.070

Magnetic characterization of clustered core magnetic nanoparticles for MPI
Nicole Gehrke, David Heinke, Dietmar Eberbeck, Frank Ludwig, Thilo Wawrzik, Christian Kuhlmann, Briel Andreas
IEEE Trans. Magn. 51, 5300204, 2015
doi: 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2358275

Noise properties of textile, capacitive EEG electrodes
Sara Nazari Asl, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, Volume 1, Number 1, page 34--37, 2015
DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2015-0009

Polymer/iron oxide nanoparticle composites - a straight forward and scalable synthesis approach
Jens Sommertune, Abhilash Sugunan, Anwar Ahniyaz, Rebecca Stjernberg Bejhed, Anne Sarwe, Christer Johansson, Christoph Balceris, Frank Ludwig, Andrea Fornara
Int. J. Mol. Sci., Volume 16, page 19752--19768 - 2015
doi:10.3390/ijms160819752

Preparation of core-shell hybrid materials by producing a protein corona around magnetic nanoparticles
Andreas Weidner, C Gräfe, M von der Lühe, Hilke Remmer, Joachim H. Clement, Dietmar Eberbeck, Frank Ludwig, Robert Müller, Felix H. Schacher, Silvio Dutz Nanoscale Res. Lett., Volume 10, page 282--1 - 11 - 2015
doi: 10.1186/s11671-015-0992-2

Resolving particle size modality in bi-modal iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions
Aidin Lak, Andreas F. Thünemann, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 380, 140–143, 2015
doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.08.050

Single-core magnetic markers in rotating magnetic field based homogeneous bioassays and the law of mass action
Jan Dieckhoff, Stefan Schrittwieser, Joerg Schotter, Hilke Remmer, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 380, 205–208, 2015
doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.10.088

Suitability of magnetic single- and multi-core nanoparticles to detect protein binding with dynamic magnetic measurement techniques
Hilke Remmer, Jan Dieckhoff, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 380, 236–240, 2015
doi: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.10.087

Vector fluxgate magnetometer for high operation temperatures up to 250°C
Dennis Rühmer, Sebastian Bögeholz, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Sensors & Actuators A: Physical, Volume 228, page 118--124 - jun 2015
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2015.03.004

2014

Design of experiments for highly reproducible pulsed laser deposition
of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δ
Meinhard Schilling, Alexander Guillaume, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Frank Ludwig
J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47, 034008-1 – 10, 2014
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/3/034008

Dipole-Sensitive Homogeneous-Field Compensated High-Tc DC SQUID
Alexander Guillaume, Frank Ludwig, Denis Kajevic, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Meinhard Schilling
IEEE Tran. Appl. Supercond., Volume 25, page 1600405, 2014
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6907969

Direct Protein Detection in the Sample Solution by Monitoring Rotational Dynamics of Nickel Nanorods
Stefan Schrittwieser, Frank Ludwig, Jan Dieckhoff, Andreas Tschöpe, Annegret Günther, Andreas Huetten, Hubert Brueckl, Jörg Schotter
Small, Volume 10, Issue 2, 407–411, 2014
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/smll.201300023/full

Dynamic magnetic properties of optimized magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging
Frank Ludwig, Christian Kuhlmann, Thilo Wawrzik, Jan Dieckhoff, Aidin Lak, Amit P. Khandhar, Richard M. Ferguson, Scott J. Kemp, Kannan M. Krishnan
IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 50, 5101804, 2014
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2014.2329504

Magnetic marker based homogeneous bioassays utilizing rotating magnetic fields
Jan Dieckhoff, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Appl. Phys. A, Volume 115, 17B304, 2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4862943

Magnetic, structural and particle size analysis of single- and multi-core magnetic nanoparticles
Frank Ludwig, Olga Kazakova, Luis Fernandez Barquin, Andrea Fornara, Lutz Trahms, Uwe Steinhoff, Peter Svedlindh, Erik Wetterskog, Quentin A. Pankhurst, Paul Southern, Puerto Moralis, Mikkel F. Hansen, Cathrine Frandsen, Eva Olsson, Stefan Gustafsson, Nicole Gehrke, Kerstin Lüdtke-Buzug, Cordula Grüttner, Fritz Westphal, Christer Johansson
IEEE Trans. Magn. 50, 5300204, 2014

Protein detection with magnetic nanoparticles in a rotating magnetic field
Jan Dieckhoff, Aidin Lak, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Appl. Phys. A, Volume 115, 024701, 2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4861032

Self-consistent magnetic properties of magnetite tracers optimized for magnetic particle imaging measured by ac susceptometry, magnetorelaxometry and magnetic particle spectroscopy
F. Ludwig, H. Remmer, C. Kuhlmann, T. Wawrzik, H. Arami, R. M. Ferguson, and K. M. Krishnan
in: J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 360, 169-173, 201

2013

A 3D MPI system for biological studies on mice
Christian Kuhlmann, Thilo Wawrzik, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging, IWMPI 2013, Berkeley, CA art.no. 6528373, IEEE XPlore, 2013
DOI:10.1109/IWMPI.2013.6528373

Characterization of magnetic nanoparticle systems with respect to their magnetic particle imaging performance
Frank Ludwig, Dietmar Eberbeck, Norbert Löwa, Uwe Steinhoff, Thilo Wawrzik, Meinhard Schilling, Lutz Trahms
Biomed Tech (Berl). 2013 Dec;58(6):535-45.
DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-0013

Effect of Brownian relaxation in frequency-dependent Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy measurements
Thilo Wawrzik, Christian Kuhlmann, Hilke Remmer, Nicole Gehrke, Andreas Briel, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging, IWMPI 2013, Berkeley, CA art.no. 6528371, IEEE XPlore - 2013
DOI: 10.1109/IWMPI.2013.6528371

Estimating particle mobility in MPI
Thilo Wawrzik, Christian Kuhlmann, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging, IWMPI 2013, Berkeley, CA art.no. 6528372, IEEE XPlore - 2013
DOI: 10.1109/IWMPI.2013.6528372

Field Stability of a Directly Coupled High-T_c SQUID Design Regarding MRX Measurements
Alexander Guillaume, Frank Ludwig, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Meinhard Schilling
IEEE Tran. Appl. Supercond., Volume 23, Number 3 - jun 2013
DOI:10.1109/TASC.2012.2231893

Highly stable monodisperse PEGylated iron oxide nanoparticle aqueous suspensions: a nontoxic tracer for homogeneous magnetic bioassays  
Aidin Lak, Frank Ludwig, Jan Dieckhoff, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Oliver Goldmann, Heinrich Lünsdorf, Dietmar Eberbeck, Andreas Kornowski, Matthias Kraken, Fred J. Litterst, Kathrin Fiege, Petra Mischnick, Meinhard Schilling
Nanoscale, Volume 5, page 11447-11455, 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3NR02197A

Magnetic Particle Imaging-Scanner with 10 kHz drive-field frequency  
Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, Christian Kuhlmann, Thilo Wawrzik
Biomedical Engineering - 2013
Biomed Tech (Berl). 2013 Dec;58(6):557-63.
DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-0014

Scanner setup and reconstruction for three-dimensional magnetic particle imaging  
Thilo Wawrzik, Christian Kuhlmann, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Proceedings of SPIE 8672, 86721B - 2013
DOI:10.1117/12.2006392

Size Distribution and Magnetization Optimization of Single-Core Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Exploiting Design of Experiment Methodology
Aidin Lak, Frank Ludwig, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Jan Dieckhoff, Kathrin Fiege, Meinhard Schilling, IEEE Trans. Magn., 49, 2013, 201-207
DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2224325

Size dependent structural and magnetic properties of FeO-F₃O₄ nanoparticles
Aidin Lak, Matthias Kraken, Frank Ludwig, Andreas Kornowski, Dietmar Eberbeck, Sibylle Sievers, Fred J. Litterst, Horst Weller, Meinhard Schilling
Nanoscale  5, 12286-12295, 2013
DOI:10.1039/c3nr04562e

Tuning the magnetic properties of metal oxide nanocrystal heterostructures by cation exchange
Mykhailo Sytnyk, Raimund Kirchschlager, Maryna I. Bodnarchuk, Daniel Primetzhofer, Dominik Kriegner, Herbert Ennser, Julian Stangl, Peter Bauer, Michael Voith, Achim W. Hassel, Frank Krumeich, Frank Ludwig, Arno Meingast, Gerald Kothleitner, Maksym V. Kovalenko, Wolfgang Heiss
Nanoletters, Volume 13, 586–593, 2013
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nl304115r

2012

Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging by Magnetorelaxometry, AC Susceptibility, Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy and Static Magnetization Measurements
Frank Ludwig, Thilo Wawrzik, Meinhard Schilling
Magnetic Particle Imaging, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Volume 140, 35–40, 2012

Characterization of Resovist nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging  
Takashi Yoshida, Keiji Enpuku, Frank Ludwig, Jan Dieckhoff, Thilo Wawrzik, Aidin Lak, Meinhard Schilling
Magnetic Particle Imaging, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Volume 140, 3-7, 2012

Fluxgate magnetorelaxometry: A new approach to study the release properties of hydrogel cylinders and microspheres
Stefanie Wöhl-Bruhn, Erik Heim, Ariane Schwoerer, Andreas Bertz, Steffen Harling, Henning Menzel, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig, Heike Bunjes
Internat. J. Pharmaceutics, Volume 436, 677–684, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.021

Homogeneous bioassays based on the manipulation of magnetic nanoparticles by rotating and alternating magnetic fields – a comparison
Jan Dieckhoff, Takashi Yoshida, Keiji Enpuku, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
IEEE Trans. Magn., Volume 48, 3792-3795, 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2012.2198797

Magnetic fluid dynamics in a rotating magnetic field
Takashi Yoshida, Keiji Enpuku, Jan Dieckhoff, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
J. Appl. Phys., Volume 111, 053901-1-10 - March 2012
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3688254

Magnetic Particle Imaging: Exploring particle mobility  
Thilo Wawrzik, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Magnetic Particle Imaging, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Volume 140, 16–23, 2012

Modeling and Development of a Biosensor Based on Optical Relaxation Measurements of Hybrid Nanoparticles
Stefan Schrittwieser, Frank Ludwig, Jan Dieckhoff, Katerina Soulantica, Guillaume Viau, Lise-Marie Lacroix, Sergio Mozo Lentijo, Rym Boubekri, Jerome Maynadie, Andreas Huetten, Hubert Brueckl, Jörg Schotter
ACS Nano, 2012
DOI:10.1021/nn2042785

Nanoanalytics for protein production processes
Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
From gene to product - Development of biotechnological processes by integrating genetic and engineering methods, Cuvillier Verlag, 195–210, 2012

New Perspectives for MPI: A Toolbox for Tracer Research
Nicole Gehrke, Andreas Briel, Frank Ludwig, Hilke Remmer, Thilo Wawrzik, Stefan Wellert
Magnetic Particle Imaging, Volume 140, 99–103, 2012

Optimization of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging
Frank Ludwig, Thilo Wawrzik, Takashi Yoshida, Nicole Gehrke, Andreas Briel, Dietmar Eberbeck, Meinhard Schilling
IEEE Trans. Magn., Volume 48, 3780–3783, 2012
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2012.2197601

Perspectives of magnetic particle spectroscopy for magnetic nanoparticle characterization  
Thilo Wawrzik, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Magnetic Particle Imaging, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Volume 140, 41–45, 2012

Single-core fluxgate gradiometer with simultaneous gradient and homogeneous feedback operation
Michal Janosek, Pavel Ripka, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
J. Appl. Phys., Volume 111 (7), pp. 07E328 - 07E328-3, 2012
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3676238

Spatial and field resolution of wire-wound fluxgates in magnetic dipole fields
Dennis Rühmer, Piraveena Shanmuganathan, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Sensors & Actuators A: Physical, Volume 173, 30-35, 2012

Synthesis of Single-Core Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Potential Tracer for Magnetic Particle Imaging  
Aidin Lak, Thilo Wawrzik, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Magnetic Particle Imaging, Springer Proceedings in Physics, Volume 140, 91–95, 2012

Transport properties of YBa₂Cu₃O₇ Josephson junctions at THz frequencies Alexander Guillaume, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Christian Brendel, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling,
Physics Procedia, Volume 36, 19-24, 2012
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.06.033

2011

Fluxgate based detection of magnetic nanoparticle dynamics in a rotating magnetic field
Jan Dieckhoff, Meinhard Schilling, Frank Ludwig
Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 99, 112501-1-3, 2011
doi:10.1063/1.3639276

HTS Josephson Junction Cantilever With Integrated Near Field THz Antenna  
Christian Brendel, Jan M. Scholtyssek, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
IEEE Tran. Appl. Supercond., Volume 21, Number 3, 319 – 322 - jun 2011
doi: 10.1109/TASC.2010.2096452 

Imposed layer-by-layer growth of ZnO on GaN/sapphire substrates using pulsed laser interval deposition
Alexander Hirsch, Christian Wille, Heiko Bremers, Uwe Rossow, Andreas Hangleiter, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Thin Solid Films, Volume 519, 7683-7685, 2011

Spatial and field resolution of wire-wound fluxgates in magnetic dipole fields
Dennis Rühmer, Piraveena Shanmuganathan, Frank Ludwig, Meinhard Schilling
Sensors & Actuators A: Physical, 2011

2010

P. Sebbes, F. Ludwig and M. Schilling
Fluxgate magnetometer for temperatures up to 180°C
J. of Electrical Engineering 61, 21 - 23, 2010

S. Schrittwieser, J. Schotter, T. Maier, R. Bruck, P. Mueller, N. Kataeva, K. Soulantika, F. Ludwig, A. Huetten, and H. Brueckl
Homogeneous biosensor based on optival detection of the rotational dynamics of anisotropic nanoparticles
Procedia Engineering (submitted)

T. Wawrzik, F. Ludwig and M. Schilling
Multivariate Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy for Magnetic Nanoparticle Characterization
AIP Conference Proceedings Vol. 1311, 267-270, 2010

A. Lak, F. Ludwig, I.-M. Grabs, G. Garnweitner and M. Schilling
Influence of Synthesis Parameters on Magnetization and Size of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
AIP Conference Proceedings Vol. 1311, 224-230 (2010)

F. Ludwig
Characterization of Magnetic Core-Shell Nanoparticle Suspensions Using ac Susceptibility for Frequencies up to 1 MHz
AIP Conference Proceedings Vol. 1311, 249-254 (2010)

Frank Ludwig, Alexander Guillaume, Meinhard Schilling, Natalia Frickel, Annette M. Schmidt
Determination of core and hydrodynamic size distributions of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticle suspensions using ac susceptibility measurements
J. Appl. Phys., Volume 108, 033918-1–5 - aug 2010, doi:10.1063/1.3463350

T. Wawrzik, J. Hahn, F. Ludwig and M. Schilling
Magnetic particle spectroscopy for the evaluation of eld-dependent harmonics generation
Magnetic Nanoparticles – Particle Science, Imaging Technology, and Clinical Applications,
Proceedings of First International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging, World Scientific 2010 (pp. 86-91)

T. Wawrzik, F. Ludwig and M. Schilling
Two-dimensional magnetic particle imaging
Magnetic Nanoparticles – Particle Science, Imaging Technology, and Clinical Applications,
Proceedings of First International Workshop on Magnetic Particle Imaging, World Scientific 2010 (pp. 100-105)

2009

P. Kumar, P. Lemmens, M. Ghosh, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Effect of HF concentration on physical and electronic properties of electrochemically formed nano-porous silicon
J. Nanomater. 2009, 728957 (2009)

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, and M. Schilling
Characterization of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles by fluxgate magnetorelaxometry, ac susceptibility, transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy – a comparative study
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 1644-1647 (2009)

E. Heim, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Binding assays with streptavidin-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles and biotinylated analytes using fluxgate magnetorelaxometry
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 1628-1631 (2009)

R. Piel, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Noise optimization of racetrack fluxgate sensors
Sensor Letters 7, 317-321 (2009)

B. Dufay, S. Saez, M. Denoual, C. Dolabdjian, F. Ludwig, E. Heim, M. Schilling, L. Melo, D. Menard, and A. Yelon
Magnetorelaxometry of nanoparticles using a GMI magnetometer
Sensor Letters 7, 429-432 (2009)

M. Schilling und F. Ludwig
Magnetische Nanopartikel für Anwendungen in biochemischer Analytik und medizinischer Diagnostik
Fachtagungsberichte des VDE’08 Kongresses Zukunftstechnologien, VDE Verlag 2008 (auf CD)

H. D. Yan, P. Lemmens, H. Dierke, S. C. White, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Iron/Nickel nanowire growth in anodic aluminum oxide templates: Transfer of length scales and periodicity
J. Phys. Conf. Series 145, 012079-1 – 4 (2009)

D. Rühmer, E. Heim, T. Wawrzik, F. Ludwig and M. Schilling
Magnetic relaxation imaging of magnetic nanoparticle distributions
IFMBE Proceedings, Volume 25 (2009) (on CD)

E. Heim, M. Gerloff, F. Ludwig and M. Schilling
Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles by Magnetorelaxometry using a aboratory MRX-Analyzer
IFMBE Proceedings, Volume 25 (2009) (on CD)

T. Wawrzik, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Assembly for one-dimensional magnetic particle imaging
IFMBE Proceedings, Volume 25 (2009) (on CD)

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, D. Eberbeck, K. Schwarz, L. Trahms, and M. Schilling
Comparison and calibration of fluxgate and SQUID magnetorelaxometry techniques for the characterization of magnetic core-shell nanoparticles
IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 4857-4860 (2009)

2008

S. Harling, E. Heim, A. Schwoerer, F. Ludwig, M. Schilling, and H. Menzel
Hydrogel characterization: Swelling versus fluxgate magnetorelaxometry
J. Controlled Release 132, e68-e69 (2008)

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, M. Schilling, and K. Enpuku
Characterization of superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by fluxgate magnetorelaxometry for use in biomedical applications
J. Appl. Phys. 103, 07D106-1 – 3 (2008)

D. Menzel, A. Awada, H. Dierke, J. Schoenes, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Free-carrier compensation in ferromagnetic ion-implanted SnO2: Co
J. Appl. Phys. 103, 07A314-1 – 3 (2008)

E. Heim, S. Harling, F. Ludwig, H. Menzel, and M. Schilling
Fluxgate magnetorelaxometry for characterization of hydrogel polymerization kinetics and physical entrapment capacity
J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20, 204106-1 - 5 (2008)

M. Feyen, E. Heim, F. Ludwig, and A. M. Schmidt
Magnetic Nanorotors with Tailored Field-induced Dynamics
Chemistry of Materials 20, 2942-2948 (2008)

2007

M. Schilling and F. Ludwig
Proteins and patients – magnetic nanoparticles as analytic markers
Advances in Solid State Physics 46, 87-89 (2007)

E. Heim, S. Harling, K. Pöhlig, F. Ludwig, H. Menzel, and M. Schilling
Fluxgate magnetorelaxometry of superparamagnetic nanoparticles for hydrogel characterization
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311, 150-154 (2007)

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, and M. Schilling
Characterization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles by analyzing the magnetization and relaxation dynamics using fluxgate magnetometers
J. Appl. Phys. 101, 113909-1 – 10 (2007)

K. Enpuku, T. Tanaka, T. Matsuda, F. Dang, N. Enomoto, J. Hojo, K. Yoshinaga, F. Ludwig, F. Ghaffari, E. Heim, and M. Schilling
Properties of magnetic nanoparticles in the Brownian relaxation range for liquid phase immunoassays
J. Appl. Phys. 102, 054901-1 – 7 (2007)

K. Enpuku, T. Tanaka, T. Matsuda, H. Kuma, N. Hamasaki, F. Dang, N. Enomoto, J. Hojo, K. Yoshinaga, F. Ludwig, F. Ghaffari, E. Heim, and M. Schilling
Liquid phase immunoassay using magnetic markers and superconducting quantum interference device
Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 46, 7524-7529 (2007)

E. Heim, F. Ludwig, R. Piel, M. Schilling, and W. Liu
Magnetic Nanoparticle Analyzer for Magnetic Nanoparticle Characterization and Binding Assays
Biomedizinische Technik 52 (2007) (on CD)

2006

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, D. Menzel, and M. Schilling
Investigation of superparamagnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by fluxgate magnetorelaxometry for use in magnetic relaxation immunoassays
J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08P106-1 - 3 (2006)

F. Ludwig
Magnetorelaxometrie magnetischer Nanoteilchen für die quantitative und spezifische Analyse von Biomolekülen
Technisches Messen 4, 217-222 (2006)

J. Schoenes, U. Pelzer, D. Menzel, K. Franke, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Ferromagnetism in Fe and Co-implanted SnO2 films
phys. stat. sol. (c) 3, 4115-4118 (2006)

M. Oehler, A. Riggert, F. Ludwig, M. Schilling, B. Blankertz, K. R. Mueller, V. Kunzmann, and G. Curio
Comparison of capacitive ECG with conventional ECG
Biomedizinische Technik—Proc. 40th Ann. Congress of the German Society for Biomed. Eng. BMT (Zuerich) p. 128 (2006) (on CD)

2005

F. Ludwig, S. Mäuselein, E. Heim, and M. Schilling
Magnetorelaxometry of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetically unshielded environment utilizing a differential fluxgate arrangement
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 106102-1 –3 (2005)

E. Heim, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Investigation of magnetic nanoparticles for the quantitative and specific analysis of biomolecules with Magnetorelaxometry
Biomedizinische Technik 50, 613-614 (2005)

F. Ludwig
Magnetorelaxometrie magnetischer Nanoteilchen für die quantitative und spezifische Analyse von Biomolekülen
XIX. Messtechnisches Symposium des Arbeitskreises der Hochschullehrer für Messtechnik e.V., Shaker-Verlag, Aachen 2005 (p. 95-104)

2004

H. Barthelmess, F.Ludwig, M. Schilling, D. Drung, and Th. Schurig
DC SQUID magnetometers from YBa₂Cu₃O_7-d for biomagnetic applications
High Temperature Superconductivity 2: Engineering Applications, edited by A. V. Narlikar (Springer, Berlin 2004), pp. 299-336

A. Kaestner, F. Ludwig, M. Schilling, and F. Ludwig
Hilbert transform spectroscopy using Josephson junction arrays of the high-Tc superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_7-d
Applied Superconductivity 2003, Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity 2003, Institute of Physics Conference Series Number 181, edited by A. Andreone, G. P. Pepe, R. Cristiano and G. Masullo (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol (UK) and Philadelphia (USA) 2004), pp. 3067-3071

M. Karger, E. Heim, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Epitaxial conditions of YBa₂Cu₃O₇ ramp-edge Josephson junctions
Applied Superconductivity 2003, Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity 2003, Institute of Physics Conference Series Number 181, edited by A. Andreone, G. P. Pepe, R. Cristiano and G. Masullo (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol (UK) and Philadelphia (USA) 2004), pp. 1556-1560 2003

R. Cantor and F. Ludwig
Chapter 3: SQUID Fabrication Technology
SQUIDs Handbook, ed. J. Clarke and A. Braginski, Wiley-VCH (2003) pp. 93-125 2002

R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, and J. Clarke
Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices:  State-of-the-Art and Applications
Proceedings of the IEEE 92, 1534-1548 (2004)

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, S. Mäuselein, D. Eberbeck, and M. Schilling
Magnetorelaxometry of magnetic nanoparticles with fluxgate magnetometers for the analysis of biological targets
J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 293, 690-695 (2005)

E. Heim, F. Ludwig, and M. Schilling
Analysis of biological target concentrations in solution by magnetorelaxometry
Biomedizinische Technik 49, 420-421 (2004)

F. Ludwig, E. Heim, and M. Schilling
Magnetorelaxometry of magnetic nanoparticles – a new method for the quantitative and specific analysis of biomolecules
IEEE-Nano 2004, Proceedings of 2004 4th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, pp.245-248 (2004) (on CD)

2003

R. Cantor and F. Ludwig
“Chapter 3: SQUID Fabrication Technology”
in: SQUIDs Handbook, ed. J. Clarke and A. Braginski, Wiley-VCH (2003) pp. 93-125

2002

Th. Schurig, J. Beyer, D. Drung, F. Ludwig, A. Lüdge, and H. Riemann
NDE of semiconductor samples and photovoltaic devices with high spatial resolution utilizing SQUID photoscanning
IEICE Transactions on Electronics 85, 665-669 (2002)

Th. Schurig, D. Drung, S. Bechstein, J. Beyer, and F. Ludwig
High-Tc superconductor dc SQUIDs for unshielded operation and their applications
Physica C 378-381, 1378-1384 (2002)

2001

F. Ludwig, A. B. M. Jansman, D. Drung, M. O. Lindström, S. Bechstein, J. Beyer, J. Flokstra, and Th. Schurig
Optimization of direct-coupled high-Tc SQUID magnetometers for operation in magnetically unshielded environment
IEEE Trans Appl. Supercond. 11, 1315-1318 (2001)

2000

S. Bechstein, D. Drung, M.Scheiner, F. Ludwig, and Th. Schurig
Read-out electronics for a 9-channel high-Tc dc SQUID system
Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 167, IOP Publishing Ltd. 2000 (p. 597-600)

F. Ludwig, S. Bechstein, D. Drung, M. Scheiner, K. Wenzel, J. Beyer, Th. Schurig, T. Radic, and H. Burkhardt
Portable Hoch-Tc-SQUID-Systeme für biomagnetische und geophysikalische Messungen
Supraleitung und Tieftemperaturtechnik 2000, Hrsg. VDI-Technologiezentrum Physikalische Technologien S. 180ff.

1999

F. Ludwig, J. Beyer, D. Drung, S. Bechstein, and Th. Schurig
High-Performance High-Tc SQUID Sensors for Multichannel Systems in Magnetically Disturbed Environment
IEEE Trans Appl. Supercond. 9, 3793-3796 (1999)

J. Beyer, D. Drung, F. Ludwig, and Th. Schurig
Linearity of sensitive YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x dc superconducting quantum interference device magnetometers
J. Appl. Phys. 86, 3382-3386 (1999)

F. Ludwig, D. Drung, S. Bechstein, J. Beyer, and Th. Schurig
Improved direct-coupled high-Tc SQUID magnetometers for operation in magnetically unshielded environment
Extended Abstracts of the International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC’99), Berkeley, CA, 
1999, p. 563-565

F. Ludwig and D. Drung
Low-frequency noise of improved direct-coupled high-Tc superconducting quantum interference device  magnetometers in ac and dc magnetic fields
Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 2821-2823 (1999)

D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, and John Clarke
High-transition-temperature superconducting quantum interference devices
Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 631-686 (1999)

1998

F. Ludwig, J. Beyer, D. Drung, S. Bechstein, and Th. Schurig
YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x dc SQUID magnetometers with bicrystal junctions for biomagnetic multichannel applications
Appl. Supercond. 5, 345-352 (1998)

J. Beyer, D. Drung, F. Ludwig, T. Minotani, and K. Enpuku
Low noise YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x single layer dc SQUID magnetometer based on bicrystal junctions with 30°
misorientation angle
Appl. Phys. Letters 72, 203-205 (1998)

K. Enpuku, T. Minotani, A. Kandori, F. Shiraishi, J. Beyer, D. Drung, and F. Ludwig
Direct-coupled high-Tc dc superconducting quantum interference device magnetometers on SrTiO₃ substrate:
Theoretical description and comparison with experiment
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 4769 (1998)

Th. Schurig, S. Bechstein, J. Beyer, D. Drung, F. Ludwig, and T. Radic
Reliable high-Tc SQUID magnetometer systems
Proceedings of the 4th Twente HTS Workshop, Twente, 1998

1997

L. Trahms, F. Ludwig, and D. Drung
Biomagnetic instruments go portable
Physics World, February 1997, p. 16

F. Ludwig, J. Beyer, D. Drung, S. Bechstein, and Th. Schurig
YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x dc SQUID magnetometers with bicrystal junctions for biomagnetic multichannel applications
Extended Abstracts of 6th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC’97), Berlin, 1997, Ed. H. Koch and S. Knappe, Vol. 3, p. 4-6

1996

John Clarke, E. Dantsker, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, A. H. Miklich, and F. Ludwig
Progress in High-Tc dc SQUIDs
Chinese Journal of Physics 34, 352-363 (1996)

D. Drung, E. Dantsker, F. Ludwig, H. Koch, R. Kleiner, J. Clarke, S. Krey, D. Reimer, B. David, and O. Dössel
Low noise YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x magnetometers with additional positive feedback
Applied Physics Letters 68, 1856-1858 (1996)

D. Drung, F. Ludwig, W. Müller, U. Steinhoff, L. Trahms, H. Koch, Y. Q. Shen, M. B. Jensen, P. Vase, T. Holst, T. Freltoft, and G. Curio
Integrated YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x magnetometer for biomagnetic measurements
Applied Physics Letters 68, 1421-1423 (1996)

R. Gerber, D. Koelle, R. Gross, R. P. Huebener, F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, R. Kleiner, and John Clarke
Low temperature scanning electron microscopy study of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ multilayer dc SQUID magnetometers
Applied Physics Letters 68, 1555-1557 (1996)

D. Drung and F. Ludwig
SQUIDs for biomagnetic multichannel applications
Extended Abstracts of the International Workshop on Superconductivity High Temperature Superconducting
Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, Iwate (Japan), June 24-27, 1996, p. 125-128

R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, A. H. Miklich, E. Dantsker, and John Clarke
Current amplification with asymmetric SQUIDs at 77 K
Journal of Applied Physics 79, 1129-1142 (1996)

1995

A. H. Miklich, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, D. T. Nemeth, E. Dantsker, John Clarke
Picovoltmeter based on high transition temperature SQUID
Applied Physics Letters 66, 230-232 (1995)

R. C. Black, F. C. Wellstood, E. Dantsker, A. H. Miklich, D. T. Nemeth, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, John Clarke
Microwave microscopy using a superconducting quantum interference device
Applied Physics Letters 66, 99-101 (1995)

F. Ludwig, D. Koelle, E. Dantsker, D. T. Nemeth, A. H. Miklich, John Clarke, R. E. Thomson
Low noise YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x-SrTiO₃-YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x multilayers for superconducting magnetometers
Applied Physics Letters 66, 373-375 (1995)

D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, F. Ludwig, A. H. Miklich, E. Dantsker, John Clarke
Asymmetric YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x dc SQUID: A three terminal device with current gain at 77K
Applied Physics Letters 66, 640-642 (1995)

F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, John Clarke, S. Knappe, D. Drung, H. Koch, N. McAlford, T. Button
Integrated high-Tc multiloop magnetometer
Applied Physics Letters 66, 1418-1420 (1995)

F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, D. Koelle, R. Kleiner, A. H. Miklich, D. T. Nemeth, John Clarke, D. Drung, S. Knappe, H. Koch
High-Tc multilayer magnetometers with improved 1/f noise
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5, 2919-2922 (1995)

Amit P. Marathe, Frank Ludwig, T. van Duzer, Luke Lee
Process issues and components for HTS digital integrated circuit fabrication
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5, 3135-3138 (1995)

R. C. Black, F. C. Wellstood, E. Dantsker, A. H. Miklich, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, J. Clarke
High-frequency magnetic microscopy using a high-Tc SQUID
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5, 2137-2141 (1995)

R. C. Black, F. C. Wellstood, E. Dantsker, A. H. Miklich, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, J. Clarke
Imaging radio-frequency fields using a scanning SQUID microscope
Applied Physics Letters 66, 1267-1269 (1995)

G. Kästner, D. Hesse, R. Scholz, H. Koch, F. Ludwig, M. Lorenz, H. Kittel
Microstructure defects in YBCO thin films: A TEM study to discuss their influence on device properties
Physica C 243, 281-293 (1995)

E. Dantsker, F. Ludwig, R. Kleiner, John Clarke, M. Teepe, L. P. Lee, N. McN. Alford, T. Button
Addendum on: Low noise YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x-SrTiO₃-YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x multilayers for superconducting magnetometers
Applied Physics Letters 67, 725-727 (1995)

F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, John Clarke, D. Drung, S. Knappe, and H. Koch
Fabrication and design issues for high-Tc multilayer magnetometers
Proceedings of the HTS Workshop on Applications and New Materials, Twente, 1995, 111-116

John Clarke, F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, R. Kleiner, and D. Koelle
High-Tc SQUID magnetometers
Proceedings of the HTS Workshop on Applications and New Materials, Twente, 1995 S. 1-7

F. Ludwig
High-Tc SQUID magnetometers
Extended Abstracts of the International Superconductive Electronics Conference
(ISEC’95), Nagoya, 1995, p. 171-173

F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, R. Kleiner, D. Koelle, A. H. Miklich, and John Clarke
High-Tc multilayer SQUID magnetometers
Applied Superconductivity 3, 383-398 (1995)

Beth Parks, S. Spielman, J. Orenstein, D. T. Nemeth, Frank Ludwig, John Clarke, Paul Merchant, D. J. Lew
Phase-sensitive measurements of vortex dynamics in the terahertz domain
Physical Review Letters 74, 3265-3268 (1995)

1994

F. Ludwig, E. Dantsker, D. T. Nemeth, D. Koelle, A. H. Miklich, John Clarke, S. Knappe, H. Koch, R. E. Thomson
Fabrication issues in optimizing YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x flux transformers for low 1/f noise
Superconductor Science & Technology 7, 273-276 (1994)

R. C. Black, F. C. Wellstood, E. Dantsker, A. H. Miklich, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, D. T. Nemeth, John Clarke
Eddy current microscopy using a 77K superconducting sensor
Applied Physics Letters 64, 100-102 (1994)

A. H. Miklich, D. Koelle, T. J. Shaw, F. Ludwig, D. T. Nemeth, E. Dantsker, John Clarke, Neil McN. Alford, Tim W. Button, M. S. Colclough
Low-frequency excess noise in YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x dc superconducting quantum interference devices cooled in static magnetic fields
Applied Physics Letters 64, 3494-3496 (1994)

S. Spielman, Beth Parks, J. Orenstein, D. T. Nemeth, Frank Ludwig, John Clarke, Paul Merchant, D. J. Lew
Observation of the quasiparticle Hall effect in superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x
Physical Review Letters 73, 1537-1540 (1994)

E. Dantsker, D. Koelle, A. H. Miklich, D. T. Nemeth, F. Ludwig, John Clarke, J. Longo, V. Vinetzky
High-Tc three-axis dc magnetometer for geophysical applications
Review of Scientific Instruments 65, 3809 (1994)

F. C. Wellstood, R. C. Black, A. Mathai, Y. Gim, D. Song, A. Amar, E. Dantsker, A. H. Miklich, D. T. Nemeth, J. J. Kingston, D. Koelle, F. Ludwig, John Clarke
Magnetic Microscopy using SQUIDs
SPIE Proceedings 2160, 118-129 (1994)

1993

H.-U. Müller, J.-P. Müller, F. Ludwig, G. Ehlers
Large area deposition of YBaCuO thin films by means of hollow cathode sputtering
Proc. of the EMRS 1992 Fall Meeting, Strasbourg (France)
Journal of Alloys and Compounds 195, 267-270 (1993)

D. Koelle, A. H. Miklich, F. Ludwig, D. T. Nemeth, E. Dantsker, John Clarke
DC SQUID magnetometers from single layers of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x
Applied Physics Letters 63, 2271-2273 (1993)    

D. Koelle, A. H. Miklich, E. Dantsker, F. Ludwig, D. T. Nemeth, John Clarke, W. Ruby, K. Char
High performance dc SQUID magnetometers with single layer YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x flux transformers
Applied Physics Letters 63, 3630-3632 (1993)

1992

F. Ludwig, M. Forsthuber, G. Hilscher, G. Ehlers
Effect of sample geometry of ceramic high-Tc superconductors on the critical state and intergranular critical current densities
Superconductor Science & Technology 5, 196-199 (1992)

F. Ludwig, G. Nachtwei, M. Watts, N. J. Bassom, H.-U. Müller, W. Kraak, P. Gille, R. J. Nicholas
Cyclotron resonance of the Q2D electron gas of Hg1-xCdxTe grain boundaries
Semiconductor Science & Technology 4, 511-515 (1992)

H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig, J.-P. Müller
Herstellung grossflächiger YBaCuO Dünnschichten mittels Hohlkathodensputterns
Tagungsband des VDI-Statusseminars Supraleitung und Tieftemperaturtechnik,
Potsdam, 21.-23.9.92

F. Ludwig
On the determination of intrinsic properties of ceramic high-Tc superconductors by ac susceptibility measurements
Materials Research Society, Symposium Proceedings Series, Vol. 275 (1992)

1991

H.-U. Müller, J.-P. Müller, F. Ludwig, U. Stösslein, T. Schurig, V. Hinkel, S. Knappe, H. Koch
Sputtering with moving substrates for large-area HTSC deposition
Proc. IV. Soviet-German Seminar on High-Temperature Superconductivity, 8.-13.10.91, St. Petersburg

M. Forsthuber, F. Ludwig, G. Hilscher
Sample size dependence of the AC susceptibility and critical current densities of ceramic high-Tc superconductors
Proc. of the ICMAS-91, Paris (1991) 251 - 255

M. Forsthuber, F. Ludwig, G. Hilscher
Size dependence of the ac susceptibilty and critical current densities of high-Tc superconductors
Physica C 177, 401-414 (1991)

H. Koch, L. J. Friedrich, V. Hinkel, F. Ludwig, B. Politt, T. Schurig
Hollow cathode discharge sputtering device for uniform large area thin film deposition
J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 9, 2374-2377 (1991)

F. Ludwig, V. Hinkel, T. Schurig, J.-P. Müller, U. Stösslein, H.-U. Müller, H. Koch
Preparation of YBCO thin films by means of a hollow cathode discharge sputtering device
Physica C 180, 85-89 (1991)

1990

M. Forsthuber, F. Ludwig, G. Hilscher
Size dependence of the ac susceptibility and critical current densities of YBa₂Cu₃O_7-xsuperconductors
Electronic Properties of High-Tc Superconductors, Proc. Internat. Conference, Kirchberg/
Tirol 1990, Springer Series in Solid State Sciences 99, 69-74 (1990)

1989

S. G. Lyapin, M. I. Eremets, A. M. Shirokov, E. A. Vinogradov, S. V. Demishev, Yu. V. Kosichkin, R. Herrmann, H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig
Cyclotron resonance and impurity levels in tellurium in submillimeter range under hydrostatic pressure
High Pressure Science and Technology, Vol. 3, Proc. XI. AIRAPT Internat. Conference,
Kiev, Naukova Dumka, 1989 (p.124-127)

S. G. Lyapin, M. I. Eremets, A. M. Shirokov, R. Herrmann, H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig
Shallow acceptor states in tellurium in high magnetic fields under hydrostatic pressure
Semiconductor Science & Technology 4, 271-272 (1989)

1988

F. Ludwig, H.-U. Müller, R. Herrmann
Magneto-optical investigations on p-InSb bicrystals in the submillimeter wavelength range
phys. stat. sol. (b) 148, 143-153 (1988)

S. G. Lyapin, M. I. Eremets, A. M. Shirokov, R. Herrmann, H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig
Submillimeter magnetospectroscopy of tellurium under hydrostatic pressure
phys. stat. sol. (b) 147, 297-306 (1988)

F. Ludwig, H.-U. Müller, R. Herrmann
Effective scattering times of inversion electrons in InSb grain boundaries deduced from cyclotron resonance measurements
phys. stat. sol. (b) 150, 119-123 (1988)

H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig, R. Herrmann
Cyclotron resonance in the n-inversion layer of InSb grain boundaries
Solid State Commun. 65, 761-763 (1988)

1987

R. Herrmann, N. Kubicki, Th. Schurig, H. Dwelk, U. Preppernau, A. Krapf, H. Krüger, H.-U. Müller, L. Rothkirch, W. Kraak, W. Braune, N. Pruss, G. Nachtwei, F. Ludwig, E. Kemnitz
Preparation and properties of high-Tc superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O systems
phys. stat. sol. (b) 142, K53-K56 (1987)

H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig, R. Herrmann
Cyclotron resonance in the n-inversion layer of InSb grain boundaries
phys. stat. sol. (b) 142, K69-K71 (1987)

1985

F. Ludwig, H.-U. Müller, B. Mengel, R. Herrmann
Magneto-optical investigations on n-InSb in the far-infrared
phys. stat. sol. (b) 131, K149-K152 (1985)

B. Mengel, H.-U. Müller, F. Ludwig, V. L. Konstantinov, R. Herrmann
Magneto-optical investigations in the submillimeter wavelength range on p-InSb bicrystals
phys. stat. sol. (b) 131, K145-K148 (1985)