gamma-spectroscopy
Gamma-rays are a part of the electromagnetic radiation with a very short wavelength under 0.5 nm, which are emitted by nuclear processes, like e.g. the radiaktiven decay. With the gamma spectroscopy the statistics of photons by energy selection are detected and allow identification of nuclei and their cascades. The gamma spectrometer consists of a germanium single crystal detector, which is cooled with liquid nitrogen, in order to minimize the underground signal of the detector. A thick lead block around the detector shields the natural environment radiation, so that extremely small activities can be determined.
Gamma-Spectrometer
In solid chemistry Gamma-spectroscopy is mainly used for investigation of diffusion coefficients. Only very small quantities of the radioactive isotope are dropped on the material and are allowed to diffuse into it under controlled conditions. Subsequently, the activity of the isotope is measured in the detector, while thin layers of the surface are removed by polishing.
The remaining activity provides a profile depended of the activity or concentration profile of the diffusing isotope, which can be described by the laws of Fick. For measuring the self-diffusion coefficients radioactive nuclei of the same atom art are used.
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